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Calculating Total Entropy
Proof-of-Entropy-Minima (PoEM), while inspired by and based on Proof-of-Work (PoW), differs in a few critical ways. Instead of measuring "work", PoEM measures entropy, a concept rooted in physics. By measuring entropy difference, PoEM gives nodes a quantifiable way of determining energy usage in block creation.
PoEM more accurately measures the property that PoW aimed to measure with "work": how much energy was needed to create a proposed block or blockchain. How much entropy is reduced in the system by a block or blockchain is the opposite of how much entropy is created outside of it. Since energy is needed to create order (reduce entropy), nodes can easily identify which proposed block or blockchain has consumed the most energy by examining the reduction in entropy for each.
Total entropy is more accurate measure of accumulated energy expenditure than total difficulty. Both measure how unlikely a series of related events are. However, total entropy is calculated geometrically, meaning it multiplies events together. In contrast, PoW's total difficulty is calculated linearly, meaning it adds events together.
The starting point for the calculation of entropy change is the bits of entropy removed from a block. This is computed using a measure of intrinsic block weight.
ΔS = Number of possible states removed from the macrostate (simply: change in entropy)
n = Bits of entropy removed from total bit field (approximately: number of leading zeroes found in hash)
Sₖ = Total number of possible states removed from the macrostate at block k (simply: total entropy at block k)
Sₖ₋₁ = Total number of possible states removed from the macrostate at block k-1 (simply: total entropy at block k-1)
ΔSₖ = Number of possible states removed from the macrostate in block k (simply: change in entropy)
In reality, cumulatively measuring and storing Sₖ (the full value of total entropy) is impractical due to its exponential growth. Within only a few blocks, Sₖ becomes difficult for nodes to store and manipulate. Thus, in Quai Network, the calculation of entropy is represented in bits. In practice, entropy is calculated by taking a summation of logs, which allows total entropy to be stored as a linearly-growing value instead of an exponentially-growing value.
When utilizing this logarithmic compression, an arbitrary precision value can be selected which retains all necessary information while practically preventing hash collisions. Presently, Quai Network utilizes 64 bits of precision when calculating and storing total entropy.
Sᵇₖ = Total bits of entropy removed from the system at block k
Sᵇₖ₋₁ = Total bits of entropy removed from the system at block k-1
ΔSᵇₖ = Bits of entropy removed from the system in block k
Last modified 2mo ago